H.R.5857

            I 

116TH CONGRESS 
2D SESSION H. R. 5857 
To ban the practice of hydraulic fracturing, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

FEBRUARY 12, 2020 
Ms. OCASIO-CORTEZ (for herself and Mr. SOTO) introduced the following bill; 

which was referred to the Committee on Natural Resources, and in addi-
tion to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be sub-
sequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of 
such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned 

A BILL 
To ban the practice of hydraulic fracturing, and for other 

purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1

tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 2

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 3

This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fracking Ban Act’’. 4

SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 5

Congress finds that— 6

(1) the chemicals injected into the ground dur-7

ing the hydraulic fracturing process include acids, 8

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2 

•HR 5857 IH

detergents, and toxic chemicals that put drinking 1

water at risk; 2

(2) hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, extracts 3

natural gas containing methane, a greenhouse gas 4

that traps more than 86 times the heat of carbon di-5

oxide in the short term; 6

(3) the process of fracking results in further 7

methane leakages that could increase carbon pollu-8

tion in the United States by 25 percent by 2050; 9

(4) fracked natural gas is not a bridge fuel, as 10

previously understood; 11

(5) even if every coal plant were replaced by 12

fracked gas electricity by 2030, emissions would re-13

main on track to grow through 2050 due in part to 14

pervasive methane leaks that make fracked gas as 15

dangerous as coal; 16

(6) similarly, even if methane leaks could be to-17

tally eliminated, the direct emissions from burning 18

the huge volumes of natural gas the United States 19

plans to produce in the next decade do not fit in safe 20

climate scenarios; 21

(7) the American Petroleum Institute reports 22

that ‘‘up to 95% of natural gas wells in the next 23

decade in the United States will be fracked’’; 24

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3 

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(8) renewable energy and storage eliminate any 1

need for fracked gas; 2

(9) all the technologies needed to support a 3

transition to 100 percent renewable electricity exist 4

at commercial scale and equal or cheaper costs com-5

pared to fossil fuels; 6

(10) significant carbon reductions are impos-7

sible if even 10 percent of electricity comes from 8

natural gas going forward; 9

(11) in some instances, fracking operations vio-10

late property rights by taking the land of property 11

owners for drilling and transportation of fracked 12

gas; 13

(12) in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, the 14

Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Company, or 15

Transco, seized private land and began construction 16

for a fracked gas pipeline before the landowners 17

could appear in court to protest and once the land-18

owners did file an official protest, the Federal En-19

ergy Regulatory Commission allowed Transco to 20

continue construction while the case was decided in 21

court; 22

(13) scientists, along with governmental agen-23

cies in the United States and Canada, report that 24

fracking and fracking wastewater injections can be 25

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4 

•HR 5857 IH

linked to earthquakes all across North America, in-1

cluding in the States of Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, 2

Texas, Kansas, and Arkansas and in British Colum-3

bia; 4

(14) fracking contaminates ground and surface 5

water with toxic chemicals though waste discharge, 6

underground migration of fracking gas and chemi-7

cals into drinking water sources, and spills; 8

(15) numerous scientific studies have shown 9

that the chemicals referred to in paragraph (14) 10

cause serious negative health impacts such as cancer 11

and birth defects; 12

(16) in addition to toxic chemicals injected un-13

derground, fracking fluid traveling back up to the 14

surface contains additional toxic substances such as 15

heavy metals, arsenic, barium, strontium, uranium, 16

radium, and radon; 17

(17) fracking pollutes the air and substantially 18

contributes to ground-level ozone, which can cause 19

serious negative health impacts such as strokes, 20

heart attacks, and asthma; 21

(18) research shows that expectant mothers liv-22

ing near heavy fracking in the State of Pennsylvania 23

were significantly more likely to experience a high- 24

risk pregnancy or give birth prematurely; 25

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5 

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(19) studies have linked drilling and fracking to 1

elevated incidences of infant deaths, high-risk preg-2

nancies, and low birth weight in the States of Colo-3

rado and Texas; 4

(20) the fracking industry regularly disposes of 5

waste that will remain radioactive for thousands of 6

years by spraying it on roads next to homes and 7

farms; 8

(21) the climate crisis represents a national 9

emergency to the future stability, prosperity, and 10

general welfare of the United States and a growing 11

body of scientific research has demonstrated that 12

leakage, venting, and flaring of methane and other 13

greenhouse gases in the course of oil and gas pro-14

duction and transmission significantly contributes to 15

increased climate change; 16

(22) a global rise in temperatures of more than 17

1.5 degrees Celsius would result in irreversible and 18

catastrophic changes to public health, livelihoods, 19

quality of life, food security, water supplies, human 20

security, and economic growth; 21

(23) limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius re-22

quires global carbon pollution emissions to be cut in 23

half by 2030, and completely eliminated by 2050; 24

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6 

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(24) the United States is on track to account 1

for 60 percent of world growth in oil and gas pro-2

duction by 2030 and extract enough new oil and gas 3

by 2050 to make it impossible to avoid a rise in tem-4

peratures of more than 1.5 degrees Celsius; 5

(25) fracking can expose workers to toxic sub-6

stances like radon, the second-leading cause of lung 7

cancer in the United States, in concentrations hun-8

dreds of times more radioactive than the legal limit 9

for nuclear power plant discharges, as well as other 10

dangerous substances like silica dust; 11

(26) low-income communities, communities of 12

color, indigenous communities, and other environ-13

mental justice communities in the United States are 14

disproportionately exposed to pollution from hydrau-15

lic fracturing; 16

(27) more than 17,000,000 individuals in the 17

United States, including 1,400,000 young children 18

and 1,100,000 elderly people, live within a mile of 19

an oil or natural gas well or an oil or natural gas 20

processing, transmission, and storage facility; 21

(28) the air in many African-American commu-22

nities violates air quality standards for ozone smog, 23

and more than 1,000,000 African Americans live 24

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7 

•HR 5857 IH

within a half mile of oil and natural gas wells or 1

processing, transmission, and storage facilities; 2

(29) children in African-American communities 3

experience 138,000 additional asthma attacks and 4

101,000 lost school days each year due to ozone in-5

creases from natural gas emissions; 6

(30) frontline and vulnerable communities that 7

are currently being exposed to fracking will also be 8

hit hardest by the impacts of climate change; 9

(31) several States, including the States of 10

Vermont, New York, Washington, and Maryland, 11

and cities, counties, and towns across the United 12

States, have banned hydraulic fracturing; 13

(32) the Federal Government should follow the 14

lead of the States, cities, counties, and towns that 15

have banned hydraulic fracturing by banning hy-16

draulic fracturing on all onshore and offshore land 17

in the United States; 18

(33) the Federal Government should commit to 19

transitioning toward energy efficiency and 100-per-20

cent-sustainable energy sources, such as wind and 21

solar; 22

(34) exporting liquefied natural gas requires 23

supercooling fracked natural gas, an energy inten-24

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8 

•HR 5857 IH

sive process that makes the climate impacts even 1

worse; 2

(35) the process described in paragraph (34) 3

requires major investments in expensive new dirty 4

energy infrastructure that poses risk of disastrous 5

explosions; 6

(36) the Interstate Commerce Clause of section 7

8 of article I of the Constitution of the United 8

States provides Congress the power to regulate or 9

ban fracking due to the substantial role of oil and 10

gas in the stream of interstate commerce and the 11

fact that produced waters generated from the prac-12

tice of hydraulic fracturing are transported across 13

State lines; 14

(37) under the Foreign Commerce Clause of 15

section 8 of article I of the Constitution of the 16

United States, Congress has the power to regulate 17

commerce with foreign nations, and the practice of 18

hydraulic fracturing has a substantial and growing 19

effect on national and international oil and gas mar-20

kets; 21

(38) the Federal Government must provide fos-22

sil fuel workers, and the communities in which they 23

live, with a just and fair transition away from the 24

fossil fuel industry, including by guaranteeing the 25

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9 

•HR 5857 IH

incomes, training, healthcare, and pensions of af-1

fected workers, creating new, high-wage, unionized, 2

green jobs, and investing in economic development 3

and infrastructure in fossil fuel communities; 4

(39) the Federal Government must assist front-5

line and vulnerable communities that have been most 6

polluted by the fossil fuel industry by cleaning up 7

pollution, remediating negative health impacts, and 8

building resilient infrastructure to prepare for the 9

unavoidable impacts of climate change; 10

(40) the Federal Government must hold the 11

fossil fuel industry accountable by requiring the fos-12

sil fuel industry to pay for the costs of cleaning up 13

pollution and preparing communities for the un-14

avoidable impacts of climate change; 15

(41) hydraulic fracturing activities and related 16

infrastructure create public nuisances for local com-17

munities, impact disproportionally affected commu-18

nities, and create a public nuisance nationwide by 19

exacerbating negative impacts of climate change, in-20

cluding worse heat waves, floods, droughts, extreme 21

weather, spread of disease, and sea level rise; and 22

(42) hydraulic fracturing is not in the national 23

interest of the United States. 24

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10 

•HR 5857 IH

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. 1

In this Act: 2

(1) ACID.—The term ‘‘acid’’ means any fluid 3

injected into crude oil- or natural gas-bearing geo-4

logical formations to create, dissolve, etch, erode, or 5

increase the permeability of fractures or fissures. 6

(2) COMMITTEE.—The term ‘‘Committee’’ 7

means the Just Transition Committee established 8

under section 4(d)(1). 9

(3) FRACKING; HYDRAULIC FRACTURING.—The 10

terms ‘‘fracking’’ and ‘‘hydraulic fracturing’’ include 11

the practice of injecting acids, chemicals, proppants, 12

solvents, and other fluids underground to create 13

fractures or fissures in oil- or natural gas-bearing 14

geological formations to extract oil or natural gas. 15

(4) FRONTLINE AND VULNERABLE COMMU-16

NITY.—The term ‘‘frontline and vulnerable commu-17

nity’’ means a community in which climate change, 18

pollution, or environmental destruction have exacer-19

bated systemic racial, regional, social, environmental, 20

and economic injustices by disproportionately affect-21

ing indigenous peoples, communities of color, mi-22

grant communities, deindustrialized communities, 23

depopulated rural communities, the poor, low-income 24

workers, women, the elderly, the unhoused, people 25

with disabilities, or youth. 26

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11 

•HR 5857 IH

(5) PRODUCED WATERS.—The term ‘‘produced 1

waters’’ means liquids produced as a byproduct dur-2

ing the fracking process. 3

(6) PROPPANT.—The term ‘‘proppant’’ means 4

any material intended to keep a hydraulic fracture 5

open during or after the extraction of oil or natural 6

gas. 7

(7) SOLVENT.—The term ‘‘solvent’’ means any 8

fluid, including steam, injected into oil- or natural 9

gas-bearing geological formations for the purpose of 10

liquefying, decreasing the viscosity of, or increasing 11

the flow of any other injected fluid or oil or natural 12

gas. 13

SEC. 4. PROHIBITION ON HYDRAULIC FRACTURING. 14

(a) IN GENERAL.—No Federal agency may approve 15

any Federal permit for the expansion of hydraulic frac-16

turing or fracked oil and natural gas infrastructure, in-17

cluding new hydraulic fracturing operations, new pipe-18

lines, new liquefied natural gas or oil export terminals, 19

new natural gas storage, new ethane cracker plants, new 20

natural gas power generation plants, or other infrastruc-21

ture intended to extract, transport, or burn natural gas 22

or oil. 23

(b) SURVEY.— 24

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12 

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(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 31, 1

2021, the Administrator of the Environmental Pro-2

tection Agency shall complete a national survey of 3

all oil and natural gas wells in the United States to 4

identify all wells where hydraulic fracturing has been 5

used or is in the process of being used. 6

(2) INCLUSIONS.—The survey under paragraph 7

(1) shall include, with respect to each well identified 8

under the survey as a well where hydraulic frac-9

turing has been used or is in the process of being 10

used, data on— 11

(A) the location of the well; 12

(B) the proximity of the well to homes, 13

schools, and other inhabited structures; 14

(C) the historic, current, and future pro-15

duction rates of the well; and 16

(D) any known health and safety violations 17

of the well. 18

(c) REVOCATION OF PERMITS.—Effective on Feb-19

ruary 1, 2021— 20

(1) all Federal operating permits for any well 21

identified under the survey under subsection (b) as 22

a well where hydraulic fracturing has been used or 23

is in the process of being used and found to be oper-24

ating within 2,500 feet of a home, school, or other 25

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13 

•HR 5857 IH

inhabited structure shall be immediately revoked; 1

and 2

(2) the well shall immediately cease all produc-3

tion operations. 4

(d) JUST TRANSITION COMMITTEE.— 5

(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after 6

the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of 7

Labor shall establish a multistakeholder, multi-8

agency committee, to be known as the ‘‘Just Transi-9

tion Committee’’, which shall include the Environ-10

mental Protection Agency, the Department of Edu-11

cation, the Department of Energy, and the Depart-12

ment of Commerce. 13

(2) REPORT.— 14

(A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than January 15

1, 2021, the Committee shall submit to Con-16

gress a report that details the recommendations 17

of the Committee for ensuring the health and 18

safety of individuals residing in, and the pros-19

perity of, natural gas- and oil-producing regions 20

during the phaseout of the production of nat-21

ural gas and oil in those regions. 22

(B) CONSULTATION REQUIRED.—In pre-23

paring the report under subparagraph (A), the 24

Committee shall consult with relevant stake-25

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14 

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holders, including representatives of organized 1

labor, frontline and vulnerable communities, 2

and State and local governmental representa-3

tives of the natural gas- and oil-producing re-4

gions referred to in subparagraph (A). 5

(e) PROHIBITION.—Beginning on January 1, 2025, 6

the practice of hydraulic fracturing for oil and natural gas 7

is prohibited on all onshore and offshore land in the 8

United States. 9

Æ 

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      /DestinationProfileName ()
      /DestinationProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /Downsample16BitImages true
      /FlattenerPreset <<
        /PresetSelector /HighResolution
      >>
      /FormElements false
      /GenerateStructure false
      /IncludeBookmarks false
      /IncludeHyperlinks false
      /IncludeInteractive false
      /IncludeLayers false
      /IncludeProfiles false
      /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings
      /Namespace [
        (Adobe)
        (CreativeSuite)
        (2.0)
      ]
      /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK
      /PreserveEditing true
      /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged
      /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile
      /UseDocumentBleed false
    >>
  ]
>> setdistillerparams
<<
  /HWResolution [2400 2400]
  /PageSize [612.000 792.000]
>> setpagedevice



		Superintendent of Documents
	2020-02-20T03:47:56-0500
	US GPO, Washington, DC 20401
	Superintendent of Documents
	GPO attests that this document has not been altered since it was disseminated by GPO